Flash Mikrotik RB433 dengan OpenWRT
Gambaran umum tiga langkah cara instalasi:- Boot board dengan OpenWRT dari jaringan (netboot): server DHCP dan TFTP dibutuhkan di host.
- Instal OpenWRT ke internal flash dengan wget2nand: server HTTP atau FTP dibutuhkan di host.
- Reboot dengan instalasi baru, lakukan konfigurasi dll.
Contents
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Netboot
bootloader dari RB433 mampu untuk meload image dalam format elf melalui BOOTP ke RAM dan menjalankannya.Build Image
Kita perlu mendownload OpenWRT trunk. Di menuconfig pilih:- Target System: Atheros AR7xxx/AR9xxx
- Subtarget: Devices with NAND flash (mostly Mikrotik)
- Target Images: ramdisk (juga tar.gz jika kita berencana untuk menginstalasi secara permanen dengan image yang sama).
sudo mkdir -p /tftpboot sudo cp openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux-initramfs.elf /tftpboot/openwrt.elf sudo chmod -Rf 777 /tftpboot/
Setup Host
Kita membutuhkan server BOOTP dan TFTP di host, yang paling mudah adalah menggunakan dnsmasq, karena dapat memberikan dua layanan tersebut sekaligus. Install menggunakan perintah:sudo apt-get install dnsmasqUbah dnsmasq.conf
vi /etc/dnsmasq.confMisalnya menggunakan parameter
interface=eth0 dhcp-range=192.168.1.50,192.168.1.150,12h # dhcp-host=00:0C:42:XX:XX:XX,192.168.6.101 # ubah menggunakan MAC board Mikrotik yang kita gunakan dhcp-host=00:0C:42:72:E0:41,192.168.1.100 enable-tftp tftp-root=/tftpboot dhcp-boot=/tftpboot/openwrt.elf,boothost,192.168.1.6
dhcp-host penting untuk di set. Jika ini tidak diset maka RB433 tidak akan menerima firmware dari laptop. Masalahnya kita harus mengetahui MAC address RB433 yang kita gunakan. Paling gampang menggunakan serial
RouterBOOT booter 3.02
RouterBoard 433AH
CPU frequency: 680 MHz
Memory size: 128 MiB
NAND size: 128 MiB
Press any key within 2 seconds to enter setup..
tekan i dua kali
your choice: i - board info
Board Info:
Board type: 433AH
Serial number: 3D7701B2CD48
Firmware version: 3.10
CPU frequency: 680 MHz
Memory size: 128 MiB
NAND size: 128 MiB
Build time: 2013-09-16 09:35:49
eth1 MAC address: 00:0C:42:6F:95:FF
eth2 MAC address: 00:0C:42:6F:95:00
eth3 MAC address: 00:0C:42:6F:95:01
press any key to continue...
Restart dnsmasq
/etc/init.d/dnsmasq restartJika diperlukan kita dapat menset IP dari interface secara manual, misalnya:
sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.6/24 dev eth0 sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.6
Setup Target
Install screen untuk komunikasi serial melalui RS232apt-get install screenSambungkan kabel serial RS232 antara laptop / PC ke Mikrotik RB433 . Jalankan di terminal
screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200,cs8,-ixon,-ixoffLangkah yang perlu dilakukan:
- Sambungkan ke serial port dengan kabel serial (115200, 8N1).
- Tekan tombol apapun setelah board dinyalakan.
- Tekan o to change the boot device
- Tekan e to boot from ethernet in the future.
- Tekan x untk keluar dari setup (-o-e-x is needed only once, the boot method is saved in non-volatile memory)
- CATATAN: untuk mengembalikan boot ke NAND tekan -o-o-x
RouterBOOT booter 3.02
RouterBoard 433AH
CPU frequency: 680 MHz
Memory size: 128 MiB
NAND size: 128 MiB
Press any key within 2 seconds to enter setup..
Jika semua benar akan tampak kira-kira seperti:
RouterBOOT booter 2.16
RouterBoard 433AH
CPU frequency: 680 MHz
Memory size: 128 MB
Press any key within 2 seconds to enter setup..
trying bootp protocol.......... OK
Got IP address: 192.168.1.100
resolved mac address 00:0C:42:72:E0:41
Gateway: 192.168.1.6
transfer started ................................... transfer ok, time=7.16s
setting up elf image... OK
jumping to kernel code
Linux version 2.6.26.7 (joerga@thinkpad) (gcc version 4.1.2) #2 Mon Nov 10 11:23:37 CET 2008
console [early0] enabled
...
procd: - init complete -
[ 12.270000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth1: link is not ready
[ 12.270000] device eth1 entered promiscuous mode
[ 12.280000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): br-lan: link is not ready
[ 12.310000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[ 12.460000] eth0: link up (100Mbps/Full duplex)
[ 12.460000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
[ 13.780000] eth1: link up (100Mbps/Full duplex)
[ 13.780000] br-lan: port 1(eth1) entered forwarding state
[ 13.790000] br-lan: port 1(eth1) entered forwarding state
[ 13.790000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth1: link becomes ready
[ 13.820000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): br-lan: link becomes ready
[ 15.790000] br-lan: port 1(eth1) entered forwarding state
BusyBox v1.19.4 (2013-12-18 06:16:05 WIB) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.
_______ ________ __
| |.-----.-----.-----.| | | |.----.| |_
| - || _ | -__| || | | || _|| _|
|_______|| __|_____|__|__||________||__| |____|
|__| W I R E L E S S F R E E D O M
-----------------------------------------------------
BARRIER BREAKER (Bleeding Edge, r39125)
-----------------------------------------------------
* 1/2 oz Galliano Pour all ingredients into
* 4 oz cold Coffee an irish coffee mug filled
* 1 1/2 oz Dark Rum with crushed ice. Stir.
* 2 tsp. Creme de Cacao
-----------------------------------------------------
root@OpenWrt:/#
Instalasi Permanen
Untuk melakukan instalasi permanen, kita perlu masuk menggunakan netboot melalui BOOTP & TFTP seperti di atas. Kita tidak bisa me-reflash dari instalasi OpenWRT sebelumnya, flash hanya bisa dilakukan melalui netboot.Target Image
Buat target Image Untuk flash NAND Mikrotik RB433. Pastikan make menuconfig adaTarget System > Atheros AR7xxx/AR9xxx
Subtarget > Mikrotik devices with NAND flash
Target Profile > Atheros WiFi (ath5k)
Target Images >
cpio.gz
tar.gz
ext4
jffs2
squashfs
GZip images
Cara membuat binary ramdisk di terangkan di Cara Membuat Firmware OpenWRT Mikrotik RB433. File yang dperlukan untuk me-flash NAND adalah
- openwrt-ar71xx-nand-rootfs.tar.gz
- openwrt-ar71xx-nand-vmlinux-lzma.elf
- openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-Ath5k-rootfs.tar.gz
- openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux-lzma.elf
- openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-Ath5k-rootfs.tar.gz
- openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-root.squashfs
- openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-root.squashfs-64k
- openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux.bin
- openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux.elf
- openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux.gz
- openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux.lzma
- openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux-lzma.elf
Save your RouterOS license key
If you have access to the MikroTik's Winbox software, you can export the license file from System→Licence, as stated on the RouterBoard 411 page.Otherwise, boot RouterOS and export the key to a file:
/system license outputThen list the files on your device to see which file the .key file was saved:
/file printOn a fresh install, the key file should be #1 (or #0 on a RB433UAH); to open the editor with file #1, type:
/file edit 1 value-name=contentsThen copy-paste the text in a file on your computer. The differences between the obtained key file and a key exported with Winbox are that the SoftwareID line is not present in the latter, and there are no empty lines, so you should probably delete all the empty lines in your file prior to import it for a new installation; the SoftwareID line should not bother the installer (untested).
Format NAND Flash
Jika kita ingin menginstalasi OpenWRT secara permanen ke NAND flash. Kita perlu memformat NAND flash untuk membuang semua RouterOS.Caranya:
- Sambung melalui kabel serial.
- Tekan keyboard setelah RB433 nyala.
- Tekan e dan ketik yes untuk memformat flash dari bootloader.
Setup Apache Web Server Lokal
Setup Apache Web Server Lokal di laptop / PC. Kemudian sebagai user biasa yang mengcompile OpenWRT, lakukan:rm /var/www/index* cp ~/openwrt.trunk/trunk/bin/ar71xx/* /var/www sudo chmod 777 /var/www mv openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-Ath5k-rootfs.tar.gz openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-rootfs.tar.gzJika perintah mv di atas tidak dilakukan, maka akan terjadi kesalahan berikut
Connecting to 192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6:80) kernel 100% |*******************************| 1047k 0:00:00 ETA Connecting to 192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6:80) wget: server returned error: HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found Unable to download http://192.168.1.6/openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-rootfs.tar.gz
Install OpenWrt ke NAND Flash
Lakukan:- netboot
- Tekan ENTER Untuk memperoleh shell.
- Lakukan
ping 192.168.1.6Pastikan ada sambungan, jika tidak kadang kala bisa di atasi dengan mematikan br-lan
ifconfig br-lan down
Alternatif lain, pindahkan kabel LAN dari laptop / PC ke LAN RB433 yang bukan PoE. Pastikan ada sambungan ke laptop / PC.
ping 192.168.1.6Kemudian
wget2nand http://192.168.1.6Script ini akan melakukan transfer melalui br-lan, dengan tampilan
root@OpenWrt:/# wget2nand http://192.168.1.6 Connecting to 192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6:80) kernel 100% |*******************************| 1041k 0:00:00 ETA Connecting to 192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6:80) rootfs.tgz 100% |*******************************| 4243k 0:00:00 ETA Erasing filesystem... [ 137.110000] nand_erase_nand: attempt to erase a bad block at page 0x00002240 [ 137.140000] nand_erase_nand: attempt to erase a bad block at page 0x00003ac0 [ 137.180000] nand_erase_nand: attempt to erase a bad block at page 0x00005d40 [ 137.620000] nand_erase_nand: attempt to erase a bad block at page 0x00026a80 [ 137.850000] nand_erase_nand: attempt to erase a bad block at page 0x000373c0 [ 137.860000] nand_erase_nand: attempt to erase a bad block at page 0x00037440 [ 138.000000] yaffs: dev is 32505861 name is "mtdblock5" rw [ 138.000000] yaffs: passed flags "" [ 138.020000] yaffs: dev is 32505862 name is "mtdblock6" rw [ 138.020000] yaffs: passed flags "" Mounting /dev/mtdblock6 as new root and /dev/mtdblock5 as kernel partition Copying kernel... Preparing filesystem... ./ ./tmp/ ./usr/ ./usr/lib/ ./usr/lib/opkg/ … ./bin/vi ./bin/mv ./bin/touch ./bin/mknod ./bin/sed ./bin/chmod ./bin/sync ./bin/zcat ./bin/netstat ./bin/lock ./bin/ubus ./bin/sleep ./bin/gunzip ./bin/gzip Cleaning up... Image written, you can now reboot. Remember to change the boot source to Boot from Nand
Ubah Boot Source
- Sambungkan ke serial port dengan kabel serial (115200, 8N1).
- Tekan tombol sembarang setelah board RB433 dinyalakan.
- Tekan o ubah boot device
- Tekan o boot dari NAND flash
- Tekan x untk keluar dari setup
http://opensource.telkomspeedy.com/wiki/index.php/OpenWRT:_Flash_Mikrotik_RB433
